Layer: nm_species_richness (ID: 0)

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Description: <DIV STYLE="text-align:Left;"><DIV><DIV>This layer represents number of species of amphibians, birds, mammals, reptiles and a representative set of plant taxa whose distribution overlaps in each 10 km cell. To develop it, species ranges were rasterised at 1 km resolution from polygon maps from the IUCN Red List (IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (2019) Version 2019.2. http://www.iucnredlist.org), the Global Assessment of Reptile Distributions (GARD) (Roll et al. 2017), Version 1.5, https://datadryad.org/stash/dataset/doi:10.5061/dryad.83s7k) and the Botanical Information and Ecology Network (BIEN) database (Enquist et al. in prep. and Maitner et al. 2017, version 4.1. http://bien.nceas.ucsb.edu/bien/biendata/). Additional vascular plant species ranges were created from point data from the IUCN Red List (IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (2019) Version 2019.2. http://www.iucnredlist.org), Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI) (https://www.bgci.org/), the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) (https://www.gbif.org/) and iNaturalist (https://www.inaturalist.org). Species range maps were refined, when possible, by removing unsuitable areas using information on species’ habitat preferences and species' known altitudinal limits. Habitats distributions were obtained from the global map of terrestrial habitat types (Jung et al. 2020), while altitudinal data was obtained from the Global Multi-resolution Terrain Elevation Data (GMTED2010) (USGS). For species without habitat preference information, such as those with modelled ranges, anthropogenic land use classes from the map of terrestrial habitat types were used to remove potentially unsuitable areas within their ranges. This refinement process produced Areas of Habitat (AOH) (Brooks et al. 2019) maps for each species.Ten representative sets of species were then chosen to limit the geographic bias in the plant data. For each set, the species richness was calculated based on AOH presence in each cell of a 10km raster and scaled between 0 and 1. The average scores from these maps was used to create the final map of relative richness.ReferencesBrooks, T. M. et al. (2019). Measuring Terrestrial Area of Habitat (AOH) and Its Utility for the IUCN Red List. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 34:977–986. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2019.06.009 Enquist, B.J. et al. (in prep.). Botanical big data shows that plant diversity in the New World is driven by climatic-linked differences in evolutionary rates and biotic exclusion.IUCN (2019). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2019.2. Jung, M., et al. (2020). A global map of terrestrial habitat types. Nature Scientific Data 7, 256. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-020-00599-8Maitner, B.S. et al. (2017). The BIEN R package: A tool to access the Botanical Information and Ecology Network (BIEN) database. Methods in Ecology and Evolution; 9:373–379. https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/2041-210X.12861 Roll, U. et al. (2017), The global distribution of tetrapods reveals a need for targeted reptile conservation, Nature Ecology & Evolution, 1: 1677–1682, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-017-0332-2</DIV></DIV></DIV>

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Copyright Text: UNEP-WCMC (2020) Species richness. Derived from Areas of Habitat maps created from data from the IUCN Red List, BirdLife International, the Global Assessment of Reptile Distributions (GARD), the Botanical Information and Ecology Network (BIEN) database and additional vascular plant species ranges were created from point data from the IUCN Red List, Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI), the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) and iNaturalist. Cambridge, UK.

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