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This dataset classifies the global terrestrial land surface into one of four categories: likely Natural, potential Natural, potential Modified, and likely Modified. |
| summary:
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This dataset classifies the global terrestrial land surface into one of four categories: likely Natural, potential Natural, potential Modified, and likely Modified. |
| accessInformation:
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Gosling, J., Jones, M. I., Arnell, A., Venter, O., Watson, J. E. M., Baquero, A. C., & Burgess, N. D. (2020). Natural and Modified Habitat Screening Layer [Data set]. UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC). https://doi.org/10.34892/4Q5V-GF37 |
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true |
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9244648.86862046 |
| typeKeywords:
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["Data","Service","Image Service","ArcGIS Server"] |
| description:
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<div style='text-align:Left;'><p style='margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;'>Download the dataset: <a href='https://datadownload-production.s3.amazonaws.com/WCMC_natural_modified_habitat_screening_layer.zip' target='_blank'>here</a></p><p style='margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;'> </p><p style='margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;'>The dataset use freely available
data layers in combination to develop a new global layer that identifies
natural and modified habitat. It is aligned with the definitions of natural and
modified habitat from the highly influential Performance Standard 6 (PS6) of
the International Finance Corporation (IFC). However, we pr<span style='background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;'> </span>opose this layer as an output that can be
used beyond the IFC and could be integrated into the investment decision making
of global and regional banks, or the decision making of international
corporations.</p><p style='margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;'> </p><p style='margin: 0cm 0cm 12pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; box-sizing: border-box;'><span style='color:#2E2E2E'>A global layer of habitat state,
which is aligned with the definitions of Natural and Modified Habitats
according to IFC PS6, can be used by businesses in the early stages of project
development, by highlighting areas of <em>potential</em> or <em>likely</em> Natural
and Modified Habitat. It can be used at a landscape scale, due to the
resolution and precision of the underlying data. It does not remove the need
for more detailed ground surveys at a site level, but provides an overview of
the state of habitat in the surrounding area.</span></p><p style='margin: 0cm 0cm 12pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; box-sizing: border-box;'><span style='color:#2E2E2E'>Although the IFC PS6 definition
of Natural and Modified Habitat is based on ecological functions and species
composition, suitable data on this is not available globally. For this reason,
data on human pressure and habitat is used as a proxy for the loss and
intactness of ecological functions and species composition. It is important to
note that this screening layer may overestimate the amount of remaining Natural
Habitat for two reasons. The first is that we took a precautionary approach
when designating pixels a Natural or Modified value. Where there was
disagreement between a Natural and Modified dataset for a given pixel, the
precautionary approach was to designate it as a Natural pixel (depending on
whether the datasets were classified as <em>likely</em> or <em>potential</em>).</span></p><p style='margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; box-sizing: border-box;'><span style='color:#2E2E2E'>The second
is that not all aspects of human modification could be included because of data
limitations. A prime example is hunting, which is a major cause of biodiversity
loss (<a href='https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320720307321#bb0145' style='box-sizing: border-box;text-decoration-line: none;word-break:break-word'><span style='color:#0C7DBB'>Maxwell et al., 2016</span></a>) and therefore has large
impacts on the ecological function and species composition of habitats, but
there is no data available globally. The buffers we used around roads are a
good proxy for hunting in some habitats, such as forests, but the impacts of
hunting will vary based on terrain and may extend further in non-forested areas
(<a href='https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320720307321#bb0245' style='box-sizing: border-box;text-decoration-line: none;word-break:break-word'><span style='color:#0C7DBB'>Wu et al., 2017</span></a>). In addition, as the Human
Footprint Layer is a pressure map that includes the indirect effects of access
in to natural areas, it does have a relationship with human pressures such as
hunting and the introduction of invasive species (<a href='https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320720307321#bb0220' style='box-sizing: border-box;text-decoration-line: none;word-break:break-word'><span style='color:#0C7DBB'>Venter et al., 2016</span></a>).</span></p><p style='margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;'>
</p><p style='margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; box-sizing: border-box;'><span style='color:#2E2E2E'>Of the
areas classified as <em>likely</em> or <em>potential</em> Natural
in our screening layer, some areas may not be intact in terms of ecological
function and species composition due to hunting and other anthropogenic
pressures for which data are not available. For example, two thirds of Intact
Forest Landscapes overlap with an area where a species has gone extinct in the
past 500 years (<a href='https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320720307321#bb0175' style='box-sizing: border-box;text-decoration-line: none;word-break:break-word'><span style='color:#0C7DBB'>Plumptre et al., 2019</span></a>). And around 9% of
tropical Intact Forest Landscapes and 11% of tropical Wilderness areas have
lost at least 10% of their mammal abundance due to hunting (<a href='https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320720307321#bb0015' style='box-sizing: border-box;text-decoration-line: none;word-break:break-word'><span style='color:#0C7DBB'>Benítez-López et al., 2019</span></a>). When only
considering large-bodied mammal assemblages, these figures go up to over 50% (<a href='https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320720307321#bb0015' style='box-sizing: border-box;text-decoration-line: none;word-break:break-word'><span style='color:#0C7DBB'>Benítez-López et al., 2019</span></a>).</span></p><p></p><p><span></span></p></div> |
| licenseInfo:
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<br />This work is licensed under a <a href='http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/'>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>. |
| catalogPath:
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| title:
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Natural and Modified Habitat Screening Layer |
| type:
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Image Service |
| url:
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https://data-gis.unep-wcmc.org/server |
| tags:
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["unep-wcmc","international-finance-corporation-performance-standard-6","biodiversity-safeguards","natural-habitat","modified-habitat","investment-screening","environmental-risk","ckp:theme=nature-conserved","ckp:theme=nature-restored","ckp:resource=spatial-data","ckp:license=cc-by","ckp:classification=public"] |
| culture:
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en-US |
| name:
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NatMod_Screening_Layer |
| guid:
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| minScale:
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2.95828763795855E8 |
| spatialReference:
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GCS_WGS_1984 |