20201021 16320700 1.0 FALSE nm_rarity_weighted_richness 002 -20036974.138100 20026963.164000 -19589728.605300 21266586.329800 1 Projected GCS_WGS_1984 Linear Unit: Meter (1.000000) WGS_1984_Web_Mercator_Auxiliary_Sphere <ProjectedCoordinateSystem xsi:type='typens:ProjectedCoordinateSystem' xmlns:xsi='http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance' xmlns:xs='http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema' xmlns:typens='http://www.esri.com/schemas/ArcGIS/2.6.0'><WKT>PROJCS["WGS_1984_Web_Mercator_Auxiliary_Sphere",GEOGCS["GCS_WGS_1984",DATUM["D_WGS_1984",SPHEROID["WGS_1984",6378137.0,298.257223563]],PRIMEM["Greenwich",0.0],UNIT["Degree",0.0174532925199433]],PROJECTION["Mercator_Auxiliary_Sphere"],PARAMETER["False_Easting",0.0],PARAMETER["False_Northing",0.0],PARAMETER["Central_Meridian",0.0],PARAMETER["Standard_Parallel_1",0.0],PARAMETER["Auxiliary_Sphere_Type",0.0],UNIT["Meter",1.0],AUTHORITY["EPSG",3857]]</WKT><XOrigin>-20037700</XOrigin><YOrigin>-30241100</YOrigin><XYScale>148923141.92838538</XYScale><ZOrigin>-100000</ZOrigin><ZScale>10000</ZScale><MOrigin>-100000</MOrigin><MScale>10000</MScale><XYTolerance>0.001</XYTolerance><ZTolerance>0.00020000000000000001</ZTolerance><MTolerance>0.00020000000000000001</MTolerance><HighPrecision>true</HighPrecision><WKID>102100</WKID><LatestWKID>3857</LatestWKID></ProjectedCoordinateSystem> 20201023 11015300 20201023 11015300 150000000 5000 Esri ArcGIS 12.6.2.24783 Rarity-weighted species richness refined by area of habitat 2020-09-30T00:00:00 external 1f4f0b59e370fa7df2d008bf3b77c27eee9b31e3 Data Manager UNEP-WCMC Data Manager spatialanalysis@unep-wcmc.org True Data Manager 1 -179.995201 179.905271 85.917716 -84.691702 A global map of range size rarity - an index that combines metrics of endemism and species richness - for amphibians, birds, mammals, reptiles, and a representative set of plant taxa. <DIV STYLE="text-align:Left;">Rarity-weighted richness is a measure that combines endemism and species richness of amphibians, birds, mammals, reptiles and a representative set of plant taxa in each 10 km cell. This index lowers the contribution of wide-ranging species to the overall species richness and thus highlights the areas that have a relatively high proportion of narrow‐range species.To develop it, species ranges were rasterised at 1 km resolution from polygon maps from the IUCN Red List (IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (2019) Version 2019.2. http://www.iucnredlist.org), the Global Assessment of Reptile Distributions (GARD) (Roll et al. 2017), Version 1.5, https://datadryad.org/stash/dataset/doi:10.5061/dryad.83s7k) and the Botanical Information and Ecology Network (BIEN) database (Enquist et al. in prep. and Maitner et al. 2017, version 4.1. http://bien.nceas.ucsb.edu/bien/biendata/). Additional vascular plant species ranges were created from point data from the IUCN Red List (IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (2019) Version 2019.2. http://www.iucnredlist.org), Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI) (https://www.bgci.org/), the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) (https://www.gbif.org/) and iNaturalist (https://www.inaturalist.org). Species range maps were refined, when possible, by removing unsuitable areas using information on species’ habitat preferences and species' known altitudinal limits. Habitats distributions were obtained from the global map of terrestrial habitat types (Jung et al. 2020), while altitudinal data was obtained from the Global Multi-resolution Terrain Elevation Data (GMTED2010) (USGS). For species without habitat preference information, such as those with modelled ranges, anthropogenic land use classes from the map of terrestrial habitat types were used to remove potentially unsuitable areas within their ranges. This refinement process produced Areas of Habitat (AOH) (Brooks et al. 2019) maps for each species.Each grid cell of the species’ AOH was then scored by the proportion of the species’ AOH the cell represents (i.e., AOH in grid cell/AOH). The rarity-weighted richness score for each cell was then calculated by summing scores across all species.To limit geographic bias, due to the plant data being incomplete, AOH maps were split into 10 representative sets. For each set, the rarity-weighted richness was calculated based on AOH at 10km resolution and scaled between 0 and 1. The average score from these maps was then used to create the final map of rarity-weighted richness. Higher values occur in cells with more species that have smaller ranges (i.e. both the number of species and the degree to which their ranges are restricted contribute to the rarity-weighted richness score).ReferencesBrooks, T. M. et al. (2019). Measuring Terrestrial Area of Habitat (AOH) and Its Utility for the IUCN Red List. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 34:977–986. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2019.06.009 Enquist, B.J. et al. (in prep.). Botanical big data shows that plant diversity in the New World is driven by climatic-linked differences in evolutionary rates and biotic exclusion.IUCN (2019). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2019.2. Jung, M., et al. (2020). A global map of terrestrial habitat types. Nature Scientific Data 7, 256. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-020-00599-8Maitner, B.S. et al. (2017). The BIEN R package: A tool to access the Botanical Information and Ecology Network (BIEN) database. Methods in Ecology and Evolution; 9:373–379. https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/2041-210X.12861 Roll, U. et al. (2017), The global distribution of tetrapods reveals a need for targeted reptile conservation, Nature Ecology & Evolution, 1: 1677–1682, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-017-0332-2<DIV></DIV></DIV> UNEP-WCMC (2020) Rarity-weighted species richness. Derived from Areas of Habitat maps created from data from the IUCN Red List, BirdLife International, the Global Assessment of Reptile Distributions (GARD), the Botanical Information and Ecology Network (BIEN) database and additional vascular plant species ranges were created from point data from the IUCN Red List, Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI), the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) and iNaturalist. Cambridge, UK. IUCN Red List UNEP-WCMC Rarity Weighted Richness external 1f4f0b59e370fa7df2d008bf3b77c27eee9b31e3 Data Manager UNEP-WCMC Data Manager spatialanalysis@unep-wcmc.org True Data Manager <DIV STYLE="text-align:Left;"><DIV>CC BY NC 4.0</DIV></DIV> Rarity-weighted species richness refined by area of habitat 2 dataset EPSG 8.8(9.3.1.2) Pixel 4484 3588 11166.091779 9111.577818 32 1 Upper Left FALSE LZ77 1 pixel codes FGDBR TRUE row and column 11166.091779 9111.577818 20201023 external 1f4f0b59e370fa7df2d008bf3b77c27eee9b31e3 Data Manager UNEP-WCMC Data Manager spatialanalysis@unep-wcmc.org True Data Manager <DIV STYLE="text-align:Left;"><DIV>CC BY NC 4.0</DIV></DIV>